A 72-year-old male with type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis (HD) for 10 months presented to hospital with one week of worsening pain, swelling, and bluish-black discoloration in the second and fourth right, and third left fingers. Preceding trauma to the digits had not occurred. Physical examination revealed dry gangrene in the digits (Fig. A), but no necrotic lesions in the lower limbs. An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was created in his left forearm. Laboratory examinations showed fairly controlled diabetes (HbA1c 7.3%, post-prandial blood glucose 175 mg/dL), leukocytosis, and elevated C-reactive protein.
