Uric acid represents the end-product of purine metabolism in humans and the great apes where it has played some evolutive roles over the time [1]. The production of uric acid is largely regulated by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) that is converting hypoxanthine to uric acid and is partially responsible for the increase in the serum levels of urate and its possible biological and pathological effects [1]. Historically the increase in serum urate has been linked to some dietary habits (e.g. alcohol, red meat, seafood, etc.) that however explain only a minor proportion of the variance in serum uric acid levels when compared with inherited genetic variants [2].
