Globally, 55 million people suffer from dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease (60–70% of cases), and over 60% of patients live in low- or middle-income countries. This number is estimated to rise to 78 million in 2030 and 139 million in 2050, and over 70% of new cases will occur in poorer countries, with huge socioeconomic costs for affected individuals, their relatives, and governments [1]. People with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or eGFR ≥ 60 plus a marker of kidney damage (albuminuria, abnormal kidney ultrasound scan, etc.) [2] have a significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment compared to the general population [3].
