Published: 9 May 2024
Author(s): Silvia Calabria, Giulia Ronconi, Letizia Dondi, Leonardo Dondi, Irene Dell'Anno, Clementine Nordon, Kirsty Rhodes, Paola Rogliani, Francesco Dentali, Nello Martini, Aldo Pietro Maggioni
Section: Original Article

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disorder of the lungs with high global morbidity and mortality [1]. The burden and prevalence of COPD are increasing likely due to a combination of factors including increased life expectancy, population growth and ageing, and behavioral and environmental factors (e.g., smoking and air pollution), [1]. COPD is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a persistent airflow obstruction which is usually gradual and irreversible [2].

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