Currently, beta blockers (e.g. metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, nebivolol, propranolol, pindolol) are broadly used to treat diseases like hypertension, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, essential tremor, migraine prophylaxis, and myocardial infarction for example. Both beta blockers and iodinated radio-contrast media (ICM) are frequently used, so that a relevant proportion of patients undergoing ICM-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or other X-ray-related imaging procedures can be estimated to be under treatment with beta blockers.
