H. pylori causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration, and concurs to gastric MALT lymphoma and carcinoma development [1]. Treatment of the infection remains a challenge for clinicians, as no therapeutic regimen is 100% effective. Although there are several factors influencing efficacy of H. pylori therapy, resistance to antibiotics remains the most relevant [2,3]. There is evidence that the efficacy of standard first-line and second-line therapies is decreasing in most countries. Moreover, curing the infection in eradication failure patients is progressively more difficult.
