The majority of cryptogenic strokes are likely embolic; these have been termed “embolic strokes of undetermined source’’ (ESUS) [1]. One out of four ischemic strokes occurring in young (≤50 years) patients fulfills diagnostic criteria for ESUS [2]. In ESUS, a complete evaluation has failed to identify an atherosclerotic or cardiac embolic source, while in many patients there are more than one overlapping potential embolic sources (heart, arterial disease, cancer, etc) [3, 4].
