Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are a heterogeneous group of malignant epithelial neoplasia arising from the epithelial cell lining the intra and extra-hepatic biliary tree, which represent the second most common liver malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma and almost 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers [1]. Most of CCA occurs occasionally despite the well-established risk factors [2] and surgery is the only curative option for early-stage patients. Late diagnosis compromises the effective therapeutic options, which are mainly based on surgical resection.
