Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome, the course of which is usually complicated by concomitant comorbidities [1–6]. However, in spite of this long-held notion, the impact of non-cardiac comorbidities on long-term prognosis in patients with HF receiving contemporary management is not well defined. This is a relevant issue to address, as comorbidities such as chronic kidney or obstructive lung disease may limit, for instance, the ability to prescribe optimal HF therapy, reduce their effectiveness due to competing non-cardiac risk, or increase the risk of their side effects, with a negative impact on quality of life, and prognosis.
