Risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular risk for coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome, is lifelong higher in men than in women [1], although this difference is attenuated with age [2]. In contrast, atrial fibrillation is more prevalent in men than women when younger than 50 years old, but becomes more prevalent in elderly women [3], as is heart failure, in particular with preserved ejection fraction [4]. In hypertensive patients, the CVD protection seen in women compared to men becomes progressively lower as blood pressure increases [5].
