Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most frequent inherited disease with monogenic transmission (300,000 newborns per year in the world) [1]. SCD is due to a mutation on both alleles of the gene coding for the β chain of hemoglobin, located on chromosome 11. The most frequent mutations are: homozygous SS-SCD, double-heterozygous SC-SCD and double-heterozygous Sβ- (71 %, 22 % and 7 %, respectively in France) [2]. These mutations lead to abnormal hemoglobin which polymerizes in case of hypoxemia, dehydration, acidosis or fever.
