Diabetes represents a disease state, irrespective of the presence of clinical symptoms, determined by raised glucose or HbA1c levels. Diabetes has surged in prevalence in recent years, whether type 1 diabetes (T1D approximately 5–10% of all diabetes [1]) or type 2 diabetes (T2D), reaching epidemic, even pandemic, levels globally [1]. By implication, non-genetic factors have a close resemblance in these two major types of the disease providing a potential explanation in the shared increase in cases.
