Uric acid (UA), the terminal product of purine catabolism in humans, arises from both endogenous nucleic acid turnover and exogenous sources—particularly diets rich in animal protein and fructose. While hepatic xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the main enzyme involved in UA generation, other tissues, including the intestines, kidneys, muscles, and vascular endothelium, contribute to circulating levels [1–3]. UA is predominantly confined within peroxisomes and circulates in a dissociated soluble salt form under physiological pH and temperature [4].
