The prognosis of patients kidney failure (KF) patients on long term hemodialysis treatment is one of the most severe among chronic diseases, and only modest progress has been made over the last decades to reduce the high mortality rate in the KF population [1,2]. Among modifiable risk factors implicated in the high death risk of KF patients, volume overload is perceived as the most relevant factor [3]. However, the number of studies investigating the relationship between objectively measured fluid volume and clinical outcomes in this population is limited to four studies [4–7].
