Caffeine intake increases the risk of premature atrial contractions (PACs) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) because of its sympathomimetic effects via dopamine and norepinephrine [1–3]. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines stated that caffeine can drive the onset of supraventricular arrhythmias and should be avoided in patients with history of extra beats [4]. Previous investigations showed that chronic coffee consumption reduced the risk of atrial fibrillation and led no association with ectopy in older adults [5,6].
