The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in individuals with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who are on chronic hemodialysis is increasing, exceeding that of the general population and resulting in a worse prognosis [1]. A possible explanation is that ESRD and AF share common cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, heart failure, inflammation and oxidative stress [2]. Moreover, ESRD and dialysis per se were shown to increase the risk for AF development [3].
