Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a complex relationship, with each condition reciprocally influencing the other [1–3]. The strong, independent, and graded relationship between these two conditions has been extensively reported and it is caused by several factors [4,5]. The magnitude of the problem becomes evident when we look at the epidemiological data: the prevalence of AF in CKD patients not dependent on dialysis ranges from 16 % to 21 % and it is raised up to 40 % in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis [4,6].
