Dyskalemia is relatively common in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia exhibit U-shaped associations with adverse outcomes in HFrEF, including arrhythmias, hospitalization, and mortality. In addition, dyskalemia often necessitates dose reduction or discontinuation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi), compromising therapeutic efficacy and exacerbating disease progression [1] Notably, recent studies reported that potassium variability itself independently predicts major cardiovascular events [2,3] suggesting that maintaining the potassium level within the therapeutic range at a steady state may be crucial for managing HFrEF patients.
