Prevalence of hypertension in childhood is around 2–5 % [1,2] and it is progressively rising, particularly among adolescents from low-income countries [3]. Despite the solid evidence that hypertension in childhood is associated with hypertension in adulthood, [4–6] only a few data suggest an independent relationship between blood pressure (BP) levels in children and adolescents and the risk of major cardiovascular disease or cognitive disorders in adulthood [7,8]. In the available studies, such a relation could have been driven by confounding factors including renal function, albuminuria, serum glucose, lipid profile, and intrauterine undernutrition.
