Due to their increased energy expenditure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with respiratory failure are susceptible to malnutrition. This study aimed to compare the predictive values of the following three widely used nutritional assessment methods for the clinical prognosis of COPD patients with respiratory failure: body mass index (BMI), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), and serum albumin (ALB) level.