It is widely recognized that sex and gender interact with factors such as genetic background, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability, and age, thus influencing health status and disease. The term sex refers to biological factors associated with physical and physiological characteristics, including sex hormones, chromosomes, and reproductive anatomy, while the term gender defines the roles, behaviors, and social constructs of women, men, and gender-diverse people [1]. These dynamic and interconnected biological and social processes cause individuals with different sexes and genders to experience health, disease, and access to care differently [2].
