Pneumonia is a bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infection of lung parenchyma, resulting in significant local and systemic inflammation. Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. In high-income countries, older individuals are particularly affected [1]. Pneumonia is classified as community acquired (CAP), nursing home acquired (NHAP), hospital acquired (HAP), or associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP) (Fig. 1) [2]. Aspiration pneumonia (AsP) is a distinct form of pneumonia that develops in patients with dysphagia, or when macro aspiration of oropharyngeal content is obvious.
