Cardiovascular diseases are major public health problems. ß-blockers therapy is indicated for the majority of patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease (Class I, Level of Evidence: A). These drugs are also first-line therapy for atrial fibrillation. However, ß-blocker use continues to be less than optimal, principally in patients with concomitant chronic obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
