Metabolic syndrome (MS) or Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome, the global epidemic with prevalence increasing from 25.3 % in 1988–1994 to 34.2 % in 2007–2012 in the adult population of the United States, has been defined according to the American Heart Association criteria as a systemic disorder characterized by interactions in-between multiple metabolic risk factors including cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, and chronic kidney disease that has the potential to lead into high rates of major adverse cardiovascular events [1].
