Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, manifests through recurrent episodes of abdominal pain or discomfort, coupled with variations in bowel habits encompassing constipation, diarrhea, or a blend of both, without detectable organic abnormalities [1–3]. Clinical diagnosis typically adheres to the Rome IV criteria, categorizing the condition into four subtypes based on the patient's predominant bowel habit, as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (i.e., predominant diarrhea [IBS-D], predominant constipation [IBS-C], mixed bowel habits [IBS-M], unclassified IBS [IBS-U]) [4–6].
