In this issue of the Journal, Di Castelnuovo and colleagues report the findings of the observational multicentre Italian CORIST Study on the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in hospitalised COVID-19 patients [1]. In this large, retrospective cohort of 3,451 COVID-19 inpatients from 33 clinical centers, the use of HCQ was associated with a significant increase in survival. Specifically, the Authors reported an in-hospital death rate of 8.9 per 1,000 person-day for patients receiving HCQ, and of 15.7 for patients not receiving HCQ.