Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant public health issue with a global prevalence of 33.5 million patients affected by the condition and approximately 5 million new cases identified each year [1]. The number of patients with AF are increasing, with projections of a surge in incidence and prevalence by 63% and 66%, respectively, over the next 30 years [2]. The significance of AF is characterised by major contribution to excess morbidity and mortality [3–5], as well as increasing healthcare cost [6].
