Ischemic heart disease, especially myocardial infarction (MI), is an expanding threat to public health and a leading cause of premature disability and mortality [1,2]. A significant number of patients with a clinical presentation consistent with MI reveal non-obstructive coronary artery stenosis. This enigma has puzzled clinicians globally, and the term myocardial infarction with the non-obstructive coronary artery (MINOCA) was reserved for this intriguing group of patients [3,4]. Initially, MINOCA was considered a benign condition with a favorable prognosis; however, now it is widely acknowledged that MINOCA is associated with worse cardiovascular events, similar to obstructive MI patients [5–7].
