The recently introduced cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome captures the close interplay between metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease, but insufficiently reflects the important additional role of the liver. Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, is strongly associated with cardiovascular events, kidney disease progression, and all-cause mortality, yet remains frequently under-recognized in routine clinical practice.
