Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, especially among young adults, and represents a considerable health, economic, and social burden [1,2]. In the United States, there are > 1.4 million cases of TBI each year, resulting in approximately 235,000 hospitalizations, 50,000 deaths, and more than five million people with long-term neurological sequelae [3]. Despite advances in neurocritical care and the implementation of standardized clinical guidelines, mortality in severe TBI remains high, at around 30%, and < 50% of patients achieve a favourable functional recovery [4].
