Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly encountered in clinical practice by internists and specialists, both in the inpatient and ambulatory settings. AF increases the risk of stroke or systemic embolisation (SSE) and heightens the associated morbidity and mortality [1]. Warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have shown benefit in reducing SSE events in patients with AF; however, studies that established the non-inferiority of DOACs compared with warfarin included patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) [2–5].
