Newer generation, continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been introduced for use in end-stage heart failure as a bridge to transplant therapy or destination therapy, leading to the accelerated use of LVAD in this population [1]. Since 2006, over 20,000 LVAD have been implanted in patients with end-stage heart failure [2]. Over the years, in-hospital and long-term mortality after LVAD implantation have shown consistent improvement [3,4] and studies have now reported two-year survival to be over 80% [5,6].
