The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a fundamental, non-invasive diagnostic tool in cardiology, widely accessible and crucial for assessing the heart's electrical and structural conditions [1]. Traditionally, ECG analysis has relied on the expertise of cardiologists to interpret complex waveforms and identify alterations indicative of cardiac conditions. Despite its longstanding clinical utility, traditional ECG interpretation faces inherent limitations, particularly in recognizing subtle and complex patterns hidden within large volumes of data, as well as in integrating nonlinear interactions among various ECG features [2].
