Medicine has traditionally relied on standardized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols perceived as universal and neutral. However, this presumed neutrality reflects a structural bias in the production of biomedical knowledge, whereby evidence derived predominantly from male populations has historically been established as the implicit clinical norm. As a result, diagnostic thresholds, symptom profiles, and therapeutic criteria have often been defined according to male-centered models, while biological sex differences and gender-related determinants of health have received limited attention.
