Published: 4 August 2026
Author(s): Stefania Paolillo, Federica Marzano, Dario Bruzzese, Gennaro Galasso, Franco Guarnaccia, Giosuè Santoro, Paolo Severino, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Savina Nodari, Federico Guerra, Paolo Calabrò, Gianfranco Sinagra, Roberta Montisci, Giuseppe Patti, Michele Senni, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, on behalf of the OpTIMa-HF Investigators
Section: Original Article
European guidelines recommend for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) rapid initiation and later up-titration of four foundation drugs. We assessed whether an educational intervention might improve guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) use in Italian clinical practice.
