Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome associated with high morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 2 % of total healthcare expenditures. Despite advances in pharmacological and device-based therapies, HF continues to affect over 70 million people globally, with an increasing prevalence driven by an aging population. The classification remains imperfect due to the pathophysiological complexity of the syndrome. Recent attention has focused on aetiological characterisation, particularly in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies, where genetic testing may provide diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic insights.
