Published: 29 October 2025
Author(s): G Sinigiani, L De Michieli, S Nistri, D Cecchin, D Mele, A Cipriani
Section: Review Article

Systemic amyloidosis are a group of disorders characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded protein fibrils [1]. When the heart is involved, the condition is referred to as cardiac amyloidosis (CA) [2]. The majority of CA are caused by either immunoglobulin light-chain (AL-CA) or transthyretin-related (ATTR-CA) amyloidosis [2]. ATTR-CA can be hereditary (ATTRv-CA) or wild-type (ATTRwt-CA), depending on the presence of pathogenic variants in the transthyretin gene [2]. The disease is characterized by increased left ventricular (LV) mass and diastolic dysfunction, often progressing to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF), along with rhythm and conduction abnormalities [2,3].

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