January 2026
36 ArticlesNo Section
Optimising the Caravaggio score: developing a more universally applicable and comprehensive venous thromboembolism risk stratification tool. Author’s reply
Dear Editor, we thank Wang et al. for their suggestions on potential matters to optimize the Caravaggio score [1]. The recently published Caravaggio score was aimed to stratify the risk of recurrence... more
Renal outcomes following anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: urgent need for randomized evidence
We read with interest the well-written meta-analysis by Adamou et al. [1], focused on studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, investigating the comparative effect of direct oral anticoagulants... more
Optimising the Caravaggio score: developing a more universally applicable and comprehensive venous thromboembolism risk stratification tool
Dear Editor,
Beyond the Guidelines
Exporting integration: The southern European internist in the age of specialization
If fragmentation is today’s common clinical hazard, the question is which model of Internal Medicine is built to resist it.
Commentary
The challenges of anemia management in cardiorenal disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) are two highly prevalent chronic conditions that together contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. The coexistence of HF and CKD... more
Tezepelumab for severe asthma – an “all round” player
Many patients with severe asthma who were historically dependent on oral corticosteroids (OCS) for disease control have now entered a new era. Initiation of OCS has become an uncommon event, and many... more
Air pollution: A new avenue for a population-level approach to tackle metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)?
In this issue of the European Journal of Internal Medicine, Di Ciaula et al [1] provide new insights into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by looking into the... more
Perspective on Epicardial Adipose tissue
In this issue of the European Journal of Internal Medicine, Calcaterra et al. wrote one of the most comprehensive reviews of Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) [1]. In contrast to past dithyrambic EAT... more
Ideas and Opinions
Management of patients without obstructive coronary arteries and suspected microvascular angina: Is it time for a paradigm shift?
Up to 50 per cent of patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected angina with evidence or not of myocardial ischemia have non-obstructed coronary arteries [1], a condition which is... more
Internal Medicine Flashcard
Recurrent vomiting
A 28-year-old male was referred to the Gastroenterology Department for a 6-year history of recurrent vomiting, occurring 2–3 times daily and exacerbating to >10 episodes per day following cold... more
Woman with progressed gait instability
An 81-year-old woman presented with progressed gait instability for several months. She had a temperature of about 37.5 °C. The initial neurological examination revealed unsteadiness on the finger-... more
Invited Review Article
Contemporary management of advanced chronic kidney disease: An evidence-based review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health burden, affecting over 850 million people worldwide and contributing substantially to cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality, and... more
Letter to the Editor
Cardiovascular siRNA therapeutics: A global clinical trial landscape analysis
Dear Editor
Age, sex and DNAR: Re-evaluating the excess-mortality paradox in nonagenarian ICU patients. Author’s reply
Dear Editor,
Traceability of point-of-care ultrasound: The PACS integration process in a tertiary hospital
Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has become established as an essential diagnostic and therapeutic tool in Internal Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Geriatrics, and other care settings. It allows... more
Bolus or continuous for AHF? Lessons from DIUR-AHF. Author's reply
On behalf of the DIUR-AHF investigators, we thank Zhai and Sun for the attention on our research [1] and for the interesting comments provided in their letter to the editor, published in the present... more
Age, sex and DNAR: Re-evaluating the excess-mortality paradox in nonagenarian ICU patients
We read with interest Weller and colleagues’ elegant demonstration that chronological age alone is not associated with excess mortality among nonagenarian ICU patients [1]. Their use of relative-... more
Beyond eligibility – the relevance of individualized heart failure therapy across specialties
We read with interest the article by Gencher et al., investigating specialty-related differences in the implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for patients hospitalized with... more
Bolus or continuous for AHF? lessons from DIUR-AHF
With keen interest, we have read the DIUR-AHF study published by Palazzuoli et al. [1], which provides important real-world evidence on loop diuretic strategies in acute heart failure (AHF). The... more
Potassium instability and prognosis in acute heart failure: Practice-oriented reflections
We read with interest the article, “Association between serum potassium variability during admission for decompensated heart failure and outcomes,” published in the European Journal of Internal... more
Critical considerations on sTREM2 as a biomarker for early MASH in women with severe obesity
We commend Mahmoudian et al. for their insightful study investigating soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) as a noninvasive biomarker for early metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in women with... more
Phosphatidylethanol and venous thromboembolism risk – clinical implications and future directions
I read with great interest the prospective study by Johansson et al. [1] published in the European Journal of Internal Medicine, which investigates the association between phosphatidylethanol (PEth)... more
Optimizing potassium control in hospitalized heart failure patients: Unanswered questions and future perspectives
We read with great interest the recent article by Suzuki et al., recently published in the European Journal of Internal Medicine [1]. The authors address an important and often overlooked aspect of... more
Not just the level – the importance of potassium stability in patients with heart failure
We read with great interest the manuscript by Suzuki et al. investigating the prognostic impact of changes of serum potassium levels during index hospitalization in a large cohort of 1280 patients... more
DOACs vs. VKAs for renal protection: An established superiority gives rise to a new clinical paradox
I commend Adamou and colleagues for their important meta-analysis, which reinforces the established superiority of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for preserving... more
Original Article
Association between long-term exposure to PM10 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in subjects with disturbed metabolic homeostasis and genotypes at risk
Poor information exists on the role of air pollutants as possible predictors of liver fat over-storage in subjects with increased clinical and genetic risk for MASLD.
Evaluation of the concordance between clinical diagnosis and biopsy in cutaneous vasculitis
Cutaneous vasculitis poses a diagnostic challenge due to its variable presentations and overlap with other dermatologic conditions. Although biopsy is essential for confirmation, the concordance... more
Effectiveness of tezepelumab in severe asthma: A multicenter real-world study
Severe asthma is a complex, heterogeneous disease that remains a major therapeutic challenge. Despite several biologics targeting type 2 (T2) inflammation, some patients remain uncontrolled,... more
Non-cardiac surgeries in adults with congenital heart disease -influence of complexity of disease and estimated risk of surgery on adverse events
To provide information on adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) undergoing non-cardiac surgeries (NCS), specific risk compared non-ACHD, independent risk factors for adverse outcome and... more
Short and long term effects of a two-week transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in hyperadrenergic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a proof-of-concept trial
autonomic nervous system
Evaluation of cognitive profile and subclinical vascular damage in subjects with genetically confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic lipid disorder characterized by lifelong exposure to high levels of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), which promotes the progression of atherosclerosis and... more
Impact of a Checklist-Based Strategy for Cardiac Amyloidosis Screening on Diagnosis Rates in Heart Failure Patients (CHECKAMIC Study)
Amyloidosis is a storage disease caused by the extracellular deposition of fibers derived from structural alterations of unstable proteins, which after folding and aggregation are finally deposited... more
Effectiveness and safety of rituximab across the four phenotypes of IgG4-related disease: a European multi-center cohort study
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory condition with marked clinical heterogeneity [1]. Common manifestations include autoimmune pancreatitis and cholangitis, orbital... more
Review Article
ANCA-associated vasculitis and interstitial lung disease: challenges and open questions
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects small blood vessels, often involving vital organs such as the... more
Anemia in cardiorenal disease: From pathogenesis to treatment
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent, and progressive comorbidity that affects >10 % of the population worldwide [1–2]. Heart failure (HF) is also a common, disabling, and deadly... more
Earlier Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk with Epicardial Fat Assessment
Obesity is no longer considered a cosmetic problem. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and the European Parliament, as well as many international medical and scientific societies, have recognised... more