In patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), larger indexed left ventricular volumes (iLVEDV) have been traditionally considered a surrogate of lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In contrast, smaller iLVEDV have gained attention in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as a distinct phenotype [1]. These individuals are usually older, more often women, and exhibit unique cardiac structural and functional characteristics, including higher LVEF and ventricular stiffness [1].
