Published: 8 December 2025
Author(s): Ernesto Paoletti, Elisabetta Bussalino
Issue: January 2026

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of adverse clinical outcome in chronic kidney disease (CKD), due to shared etiopathogenetic factors and common pathophysiological mechanisms [1]. Interestingly, remodeling of left ventricular structure and both concentric or eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) induced by both hemodynamic and non-hemodynamic mechanisms are frequently observed in CKD patients along with progressive worsening of renal function [2,3]. Moreover, LVH is reportedly a main factor involved in both renal and cardiovascular outcome [4,5].

Newsletters

Stay informed on our latest news!

CAPTCHA

This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.