Pharmacokinetic robustness of direct oral anticoagulants vs. phenprocoumon in the emergency setting: impact of renal and hepatic impairment

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used, but their pharmacokinetic stability compared to vitamin K antagonists during acute illness remains poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the impact of renal and hepatic dysfunction on anticoagulant levels in patients presenting to the emergency department.