Complexity has become a defining feature of modern internal medicine. Older adults with multimorbidity, polypharmacy, biological and functional vulnerability, and multidimensional frailty now represent a substantial proportion of hospitalized patients [1]. Nevertheless, despite this profound epidemiological and clinical transformation, the management of internal medicine patients still largely relies on disease-centered and organ-specific models, often lacking tools capable of capturing frailty and multidimensional complexity.
