In 2021, non-communicable diseases caused approximately 43.8 million deaths and 1.73 billion DALYs globally, posing a major challenge for healthcare systems [1]. Despite significant advances in pharmacological prevention and the proliferation of evidence-based guidelines, clinical outcomes often fall short of expectations. A key driver of this gap is poor therapeutic adherence, which undermines even the most effective preventive strategies [2,3]. Non-adherence is pervasive across diseases and populations, yet it remains framed primarily as a behavioral lapse rather than a clinical issue.
