Heart failure (HF) is highly prevalent (≥ 15-20%) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated with increased mortality [1,2]. In addition, approximately 20% of HF patients are affected by COPD, which has a major impact on symptoms and outcomes [3]. As COPD is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and frequently underdiagnosed in HF (and vice versa), it is suggested that personalized approaches are needed to diagnose patients with concomitant HF-COPD [2,4,5].
