Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystemic disease with a variable and potentially severe prognostic course [1]. Antimalarial agents, such as chloroquine (CQ) and, mainly, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are the cornerstone of SLE treatment given their pleiotropic effect and their known clinical benefit in controlling SLE activity [2–4]. Additionally, HCQ/CQ have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in patients with rheumatic diseases including SLE, by reducing cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events in many observational studies [5].
