Conventionally, atrial fibrillation (AF) is diagnosed by surface electrocardiogram (ECG) while cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) provides information of the cardiac electrical activity and could increase the chance to detect some episodes of atrial arrhythmias that cannot be captured by routine surface ECG [1,2]. Atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs), sometimes called subclinical AF, are defined as asymptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmias detected by CIEDs with atrial sensing, occurring in subjects with no previous clinical AF and with no AF detected at conventional ECG recordings .
