Published: 27 August 2025
Author(s): Jason A Gencher, Samaneh Salimian, Ricky D Turgeon, Penny Tam, Nathaniel M Hawkins, VOCAL-AHF study group

Heart failure (HF) is a major public health challenge affecting over 64 million adults worldwide and a leading cause of hospitalization [1]. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis remains poor, with 5-year mortality exceeding 50 % and readmission rates at 30 days exceeding 20 % [2]. Guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is the cornerstone of treatment and improves mortality, hospitalizations, and quality of life. Hospitalization for worsening HF presents an underused opportunity to initiate and titrate GDMT.

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