A meta-analysis of 31 studies (MAGGIC) [1] has shown that women with heart failure (HF) have better survival than men. However, these studies were limited by selective patient populations (e.g. randomized controlled trials, hospital-based cohorts), relatively small study samples (N≤500), or short follow-up. Other analyses of the MAGICC data indicated that in HF patients of ischemic etiology [2,3] or concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM) [3], differences in survival between sexes are largely attenuated.
