Liver damage frequently occurs in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease and predicts worse clinical outcomes [1,2]. In this context, liver damage may be mainly caused by elevated hepatic venous pressures due to increased cardiac filling pressures or by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [1]. NAFLD (recently renamed as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease [MAFLD]) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting almost a third of the general adult population and up to ∼70 %−90 % of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or severe obesity [3,4].
